Macam-Macam & Jenis-Jenis Domain Yang Ada Di Internet - Domain adalah nama unik yang diberikan untuk mengidentifikasi nama
server komputer seperti web server atau email server di jaringan
komputer ataupun internet. Nama domain berfungsi untuk mempermudah
pengguna di internet pada saat melakukan akses ke server. Nama domain
ini juga dikenal sebagai sebuah kesatuan dari sebuah situs web seperti
contohnya domain blog ini "SagaCyber.us". Nama domain kadang-kadang disebut pula
dengan istilah URL, atau alamat website.
Pada awalnya nama domain hanya dapat dituliskan dengan ke-26 abjad Latin, namun saat ini telah dimungkinkan untuk menggunakan abjad asing dengan Internasionalisasi nama domain.
Sistem nama domain (DNS) adalah aturan yang dipakai dalam sistem penamaan dari nama domain ini.
Berikut adalah macam-macam domain yang ada di internet:
1. Generic Top Level Domain
Merupakan domain name yang berakhiran dengan .com .net .org .edu .mil .gov dll. Jenis domain ini sering disebut dengan TOP level domain dan domain ini tidak berfasilitas berdasarkan negara. Diantaranya :
*.com = Commercial Web
*.net = Network Web
*.org = Organization Web
*.info = Information Web
*.biz = Business Web
*.mobi = Mobile Web
*.tv = Television Web
*.edu = Education Web
2. Country Code Top Level Domain
Merupakan domain TLD yang berakhiran dengan kode negaranya (disingkat dari nama negaranya) khusus untuk setiap negara, diantaranya :
*.ac = Ascension Island
*.ad = Andorra
*.ae = United Arab Emirates
*.af = Afghanistan
*.ag = Antigua and Barbuda
*.ai = Anguilla
*.al = Albania
*.am = Armenia
*.an = Netherlands Antilles
*.ao = Angola
*.aq = Antarctica
*.ar = Argentina
*.as = American Samoa
*.at = Austria
*.au = Australia
*.aw = Aruba
*.ax = Åland
*.az = Azerbaijan
*.ba = Bosnia and Herzegovina
*.bb = Barbados
*.bd = Bangladesh
*.be = Belgium
*.bf = Burkina Faso
*.bg = Bulgaria
*.bh = Bahrain
*.bi = Burundi
*.bj = Benin
*.bm = Bermuda
*.bn = Brunei Darussalam
*.bo = Bolivia
*.br = Brazil
*.bs = Bahamas
*.bt = Bhutan
*.bv = Bouvet Island
*.bw = Botswana
*.by = Belarus
*.bz = Belize
*.ca = Canada
*.cc = Cocos (Keeling) Islands
*.cd = Democratic Republic of the Congo tadinya Zaire
*.cf = Central African Republic
*.cg = Republic of the Congo
*.ch = Switzerland
*.ci = Côte d’Ivoire
*.ck = Cook Islands
*.cl = Chile
*.cm = Cameroon
*.cn = hanya untuk China Daratan: Hong Kong dan Macau menggunakan TLD berbeda.
*.co = Colombia
*.cr = Costa Rica
*.cu = Cuba
*.cv = Cape Verde
*.cx = Christmas Island
*.cy = Cyprus
*.cz = Czech Republic
*.de = Germany (Deutschland)
*.dj = Djibouti
*.dk = Denmark
*.dm = Dominica
*.do = Dominican Republic
*.dz = Algeria (Dzayer)
*.ec = Ecuador
*.ee = Estonia
*.eg = Egypt
*.er = Eritrea
*.es = Spain (España)
*.et = Ethiopia
*.eu = European Union
*.fi = Finland
*.fj = Fiji
*.fk = Falkland Islands
*.fm = Federated States of Micronesia
*.fo = Faroe Islands
*.fr = France
*.ga = Gabon
*.gb = United Kingdom jarang digunakan; primary ccTLD yang sering digunakan ialah *.uk untuk United Kingdom
*.gd = Grenada
*.ge = Georgia
*.gf = French Guiana
*.gg = Guernsey
*.gh = Ghana
*.gi = Gibraltar
*.gl = Greenland
*.gm = The Gambia
*.gn = Guinea
*.gp = Guadeloupe
*.gq = Equatorial Guinea
*.gr = Greece
*.gs = South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
*.gt = Guatemala
*.gu = Guam
*.gw = Guinea-Bissau
*.gy = Guyana
*.hk = Hong Kong Special administrative region dari People’s Republic of China.
*.hm = Heard Island and McDonald Islands
*.hn = Honduras
*.hr = Croatia (Hrvatska)
*.ht = Haiti
*.hu = Hungary
*.id = Indonesia
*.ie = Ireland (Éire)
*.il = Israel
*.im = Isle of Man
*.in = India
*.io = British Indian Ocean Territory
*.iq = Iraq
*.ir = Iran
*.is = Iceland (Ísland)
*.it = Italy
*.je = Jersey
*.jm = Jamaica
*.jo = Jordan
*.jp = Japan
*.ke = Kenya
*.kg = Kyrgyzstan
*.kh = Cambodia (Khmer)
*.ki = Kiribati
*.km = Comoros
*.kn = Saint Kitts and Nevis
*.kp = North Korea
*.kr = South Korea
*.kw = Kuwait
*.ky = Cayman Islands
*.kz = Kazakhstan
*.la = Laos kini dipasarkan sebagai domain official untuk Los Angeles.
*.lb = Lebanon
*.lc = Saint Lucia
*.li = Liechtenstein
*.lk = Sri Lanka
*.lr = Liberia
*.ls = Lesotho
*.lt = Lithuania
*.lu = Luxembourg
*.lv = Latvia
*.ly = Libya
*.ma = Morocco
*.mc = Monaco
*.md = Moldova
*.me = Montenegro
*.mg = Madagascar
*.mh = Marshall Islands
*.mk = Republic of Macedonia
*.ml = Mali
*.mm = Myanmar
*.mn = Mongolia
*.mo = Macau Special administrative region dari People’s Republic of China.
*.mp = Northern Mariana Islands
*.mq = Martinique
*.mr = Mauritania
*.ms = Montserrat
*.mt = Malta
*.mu = Mauritius
*.mv = Maldives
*.mw = Malawi
*.mx = Mexico
*.my = Malaysia
*.mz = Mozambique
*.na = Namibia
*.nc = New Caledonia
*.ne = Niger
*.nf = Norfolk Island
*.ng = Nigeria
*.ni = Nicaragua
*.nl = Netherlands
*.no = Norway
*.np = Nepal
*.nr = Nauru
*.nu = Niue Biasa digunakan untuk website-website Scandinavian dan Dutch, karena dalam bahasa mereka ‘nu’ berarti ‘now’.
*.nz = New Zealand
*.om = Oman
*.pa = Panama
*.pe = Peru
*.pf = French Polynesia dengan Clipperton Island
*.pg = Papua New Guinea
*.ph = Philippines
*.pk = Pakistan
*.pl = Poland
*.pm = Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
*.pn = Pitcairn Islands
*.pr = Puerto Rico
*.ps = Palestinian territories di bawah kontrol PA yang meliputi Tepi Barat (West Bank) dan Jalur Gaza (Gaza Strip)
*.pt = Portugal
*.pw = Palau
*.py = Paraguay
*.qa = Qatar
*.re = Réunion
*.ro = Romania
*.rs = Serbia
*.ru = Russia
*.rw = Rwanda
*.sa = Saudi Arabia
*.sb = Solomon Islands
*.sc = Seychelles
*.sd = Sudan
*.se = Sweden
*.sg = Singapore
*.sh = Saint Helena
*.si = Slovenia
*.sj = Svalbard dan Jan Mayen
*.sk = Slovakia
*.sl = Sierra Leone
*.sm = San Marino
*.sn = Senegal
*.so = Somalia
*.sr = Suriname
*.st = São Tomé and Príncipe
*.su = tadinya Soviet Union
*.sv = El Salvador
*.sy = Syria
*.sz = Swaziland
*.tc = Turks and Caicos Islands
*.td = Chad
*.tf = French Southern and Antarctic Lands
*.tg = Togo
*.th = Thailand
*.tj = Tajikistan
*.tk = Tokelau
*.tl = East Timor
*.tm = Turkmenistan
*.tn = Tunisia
*.to = Tonga
*.tp = East Timor
*.tr = Turkey
*.tt = Trinidad and Tobago
*.tv = Tuvalu nama domain yang banyak digunakan oleh stasiun televisi.
*.tw = Taiwan, Republic of China
*.tz = Tanzania
*.ua = Ukraine
*.ug = Uganda
*.uk = United Kingdom
*.um = United States Minor Outlying Islands
*.us = United States of America Biasa digunakan oleh U.S. State dan local governments daripada TLD *.gov
*.uy = Uruguay
*.uz = Uzbekistan
*.va = Vatican City State
*.vc = Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
*.ve = Venezuela
*.vg = British Virgin Islands
*.vi = U.S. Virgin Islands
*.vn = Vietnam
*.vu = Vanuatu
*.wf = Wallis and Futuna
*.ws = Samoa tadinya Western Samoa
*.ye = Yemen
*.yt = Mayotte
*.yu = Yugoslavia Kini digunakan untuk Serbia dan Montenegro
*.za = South Africa (Zuid-Afrika)
*.zm = Zambia
*.zw = Zimbabwe
Berikut adalah macam-macam domain di Indonesia dan persyaratan untuk memilikinya, diantaranya :
Domain | Pengguna | Persyaratan |
| *.web.id | Pribadi atau komunitas |
|
| *.co.id | Komersial, badan usaha dan sejenisnya |
|
| *.net.id | Penyedia jasa telekomunikasi yang berlisensi |
|
| *.or.id | Organisasi selain organisasi di atas |
|
| *.ac.id | Akademik, Universitas, Perguruan Tinggi dan sejenisnya |
|
| *.sch.id | Sekolah |
|
| *.go.id | Institusi pemerintah dan sejenisnya |
|
| *.mil.id | Instansi militer |
|